The Effects of Observation on Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction of Pre-Licensed Counselors

This study investigated whether the frequency of direct observation of clinical skills (live, videotape, or audiotape) that occurs in the supervision experience affects pre-licensed counselors’ self-efficacy and satisfaction with the supervision experience. The results suggest that self-efficacy is affected by more frequent direct observation of clinical skills; however, supervisees did not report significantly higher levels of satisfaction when their clinical skills were directly observed more often during supervision.